LITHIUM NIOBATE
Lithium niobate
CAS: 12031-63-9;11115-95-0
Molecular Formula: LiNbO3
LITHIUM NIOBATE - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Lithium niobate |
| Synonyms | distrontium LITHIUM NIOBATE Lithium niobate lithiumniobate(v) oxygen(-2) anion lithiummethaniobate LITHIUM METANIOBATE niobium(+5) cation Niobate(1-),lithium- LITHIUM NIOBIUM OXIDE Lithium niobate wafer lithiumniobiumtrioxide Niobate(NbO3-1),lithium lithium niobium trioxide lithium oxido(dioxo)niobium rubidium oxido(dioxo)niobium |
| CAS | 12031-63-9 11115-95-0 |
| EINECS | 234-755-4 |
| InChI | InChI=1/Li.Nb.3O/q+1;;;;-1/rLi.NbO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1 |
LITHIUM NIOBATE - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | LiNbO3 |
| Molar Mass | 147.85 |
| Density | 4,659 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 1275°C |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in water. |
| Appearance | White to white-like powder |
| Color | white |
| Storage Condition | Room Temprature |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Refractive Index | 2.3055 (457 nm 160℃) |
| MDL | MFCD00011080 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Lithium niobate crystal referred to as LN, is a three-party system, ilmenite type (distortion perovskite type) structure. Relative density 4.30, lattice constant α = 0.5147 nm,c = 1.3856 nm, melting point 1240 ℃, Mohs hardness 5, refractive index n0 = 2.797,ne = 2.208(λ = 600 nm), the limiting constant Δs11=44, Δs33=29.5, Δt11=84, Δt33=30, primary electro-optic coefficient γ 13 = γ 23=10 × 10-12 M/V,γ 33=32 × 10-12 M/V. Δ22 =-γ 12 =-γ 61=6.8 × 10-12 m/V, nonlinear coefficient d31 =-6.3 × 10-12 m/V,d22 = 3.6 × 10-12 m/V,d33 =-47 x 10-12 M/V. Lithium niobate is a ferroelectric crystal with a Curie point of 1210 ° C. And a spontaneous polarization intensity of 50 × 10-6c/cm2 '. The teratogenically treated lithium niobate crystal has many properties such as piezoelectric, ferroelectric, photoelectric, nonlinear optics, thermoelectric and so on, and has photorefractive effect. U |
LITHIUM NIOBATE - Risk and Safety
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | QT9800000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
LITHIUM NIOBATE - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
three party crystal system, iron titanium type structure. Relative density 4. 30; Melting point 1240 ℃. It is a ferroelectric crystal with a Curie temperature of 1210 ° C. And a spontaneous polarization intensity of 50 × 10-5 C/cm2. The disproportionated lithium niobate crystal has many properties, such as piezoelectric, ferroelectric, photoelectric, nonlinear optics, thermoelectric and so on, as well as photorefractive effect.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
LITHIUM NIOBATE - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
put lithium carbonate and niobium pentoxide into a platinum crucible and grow crystals in the (001) direction. When the temperature of the two end faces of the two directions of crystal growth is slightly higher than the Curie temperature, an electric field of an appropriate size is added to form crystals, and the crystals are cooled to crystallize, I .e., lithium niobate crystals are obtained.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:59:27
LITHIUM NIOBATE - Use
Open Data Verified Data
in microwave technology for Q-switched, optical modulation, frequency doubling, optical parametric oscillation. Doped with a certain amount of iron and other metal impurities, can be used as holographic recording medium material, also used in phase modulator, phase grating modulator, large scale integrated optical system. It is widely used in infrared detectors, high-frequency broadband filters and so on.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:59:27
LITHIUM NIOBATE - Reference Information
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Overview | Lithium niobate is a compound of niobium, lithium, and oxygen. It is a negative crystal with large spontaneous polarization (0.70 C/m2 at room temperature). It is the ferroelectric with the highest Curie temperature (1210 ℃) found so far. |
| Features | Lithium niobate crystals have two characteristics that attract special attention. One is that lithium niobate crystals have many photoelectric effects, including piezoelectric effects and electro-optical effects., Nonlinear optical effect, photorefractive effect, photovoltaic effect, photoelastic effect, acousto-optic effect and other photoelectric properties; second, the performance of lithium niobate crystals is highly adjustable, this is caused by the lattice structure and rich defect structure of lithium niobate crystal. Many properties of lithium niobate crystal can be greatly controlled by crystal composition, element doping, valence control, etc. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of lithium niobate crystals are quite stable, easy to process, wide light transmission range, large birefringence, and easy to prepare high-quality optical waveguides, so optical modulators based on lithium niobate crystals have unparalleled advantages in long-distance communication-not only has a small chirp effect, high modulation bandwidth, good extinction ratio, but also has superior stability. It is a leader in high-speed devices, therefore, it is widely used in long-distance communication with high speed and high bandwidth. |
| Lithium niobate crystal | Lithium niobate crystal was synthesized by the former Soviet Union Fedulov and the United States Ballman in 1965. After more than 40 years of development, lithium niobate has not only become a very important nonlinear optical crystal, but also with the development of stoichiometric lithium niobate crystal and quasi-phase matching technology (QPM), it is still a hot topic in the field of nonlinear optical crystal research. lithium niobate crystal is often simply written as LN or LNB, melting point is about 1253 ℃, negative uniaxial crystal, tripartite crystal system, light transmission band 0.4-5 μm. Lithium niobate integrates a variety of physical effects, including piezoelectric, electro-optical, nonlinear, photoelectric, photorefractive, birefringence, pyroelectric and laser activity. Optical waveguide substrates made of lithium niobate crystals, electro-optical Q-switches, surface acoustic wave devices, birefringent wedge angles, superlattice structures, etc., are widely used in waveguide modulators, laser gyroscopes, Q-switched lasers, Interdigital filters, optical isolators, optical circulators, optical parametric oscillators and other devices, these devices occupy an important position in the fields of optical communications, aerospace, military, electronics, and scientific research. |
| structure and physical properties of lithium niobate | ▼ ▲ crystal structure: Trigonal, Space group R3C, Point group 3m unit parameter a = 5.148 Å, C = 13.863 Å melting point 1253°C Curie temperature 1140°C moss hardness 5 density 4.64g/cm3 optical uniformity ~ 5x10-5/cm transparency range 420nm-5200nm absorption coefficient ~ 0.1%/cm @ 1064nm |
| optical properties | ▼ ▲ transparency range 420-5200nm optical uniformity ~ 5 x 10-5 /cm1064nm refractive index ne = 2.146, no = 2.220 @ 1300 nm ne = 2.156, no = 2.232 @ 1064 nm ne = 2.203, no = 2.286 @ 632.8 nm nonlinear coefficient d33 = 86 x d36 (KDP) d31 = 11.6 x d36 (KDP) d22 = 5.6 x d36 (KDP) electro-optic coefficient gT33 = 32 pm/V, gS33 = 31 pm/V, gT31 = 10 pm/V, gS31 = 8.6 pm/V, gT22 = 6.8 pm/V, gS22 = 3.4 pm/V, half-wave voltage, DC, 3.03 KV 4.02 KV damage threshold 100 MW/cm2 (10 ns, 1064nm) Sellmeier equation (l in mm): n2o = 4.9048+0.11768/(λ2-0.04750)-0.027169 λ2 n2e = 4.5820+0.099169/(λ2-0.04443)-0.02195 λ2 description: wavefront distortion: less than λ/4 @ 633 nm dimensional tolerance: (w 0.1mm) x (h 0.1mm) x (l 0.2mm) optical aperture: center area> 90% Flatness: less than λ/8 @ 633nm Wavefront distortion: less than λ/8 @ 633nm Angle tolerance: <± 0.5 ° |
| main application | (1) piezoelectric application lithium niobate crystal has high Curie temperature, small temperature coefficient of piezoelectric effect, high electromechanical coupling coefficient, low dielectric loss, stable physical and chemical properties of the crystal, good processing performance, and easy to prepare large-size high-quality crystals. It is an excellent piezoelectric crystal material. Compared with the commonly used piezoelectric crystal quartz, lithium niobate crystals have a high sound speed and can prepare high-frequency devices. Therefore, lithium niobate crystals can be used in resonators, transducers, delay lines, filters, etc., and used in mobile communications, Satellite communication, digital signal processing, television, broadcasting, radar, remote sensing and telemetry and other civil fields, as well as electronic countermeasures, fuzes, guidance and other military fields, among which the most widely used is surface acoustic wave filter (SAWF). (2) Optical applications In addition to the piezoelectric effect, the photoelectric effect of lithium niobate crystals is very rich, among which the electro-optical effect and nonlinear optical effect are outstanding and the most widely used. Moreover, lithium niobate crystals can be prepared by proton exchange or titanium diffusion to prepare high-quality optical waveguides, and can be prepared by polarization inversion to prepare periodically polarized crystals, so they are used in electro-optic modulators, phase modulators, integrated optical switches, and electro-optic Q-switches, Electro-optic deflection, high-voltage sensors, wavefront detection, optical parametric oscillators, and ferroelectric superlattices are widely used in devices. In addition, applications based on lithium niobate crystals such as birefringent wedge angle plates, holographic optics, infrared pyroelectric detectors, and erbium-doped waveguide lasers have also been reported. (3) Dielectric superlattice The concept of quasi-phase matching (QPM,Quasi-Phase-Match) was first proposed by Armstrong in 1962, and the inverted lattice vector provided by the superlattice was used to compensate the phase mismatch in the optical parameter process. The polarization direction of the ferroelectric determines the symbol of the nonlinear polarizability χ2. The ferroelectric domain structure with the opposite periodic polarization direction can be prepared in the ferroelectric body to achieve quasi-phase matching technology, including lithium niobate and tantalate. Lithium, potassium titanate phosphate and other crystals can be used to prepare periodically polarized crystals. Among them, lithium niobate crystals are the earliest and most widely used materials for the preparation and application of this technology. The initial application of periodically polarized lithium niobate crystals is mainly considered for laser frequency conversion. In 2014, Jin et al. designed an optical superlattice integrated photonic chip based on the reconfigurable lithium niobate waveguide optical path, which is the first time to realize the efficient generation of entangled photons on the chip And high-speed electro-optical modulation. It can be said that the introduction and development of the dielectric superlattice theory has pushed the application of lithium niobate crystals and other ferroelectric crystals to a new level. It has important application prospects in all-solid-state lasers, optical frequency combs, laser pulse compression, beam shaping, and quantum communication. Entanglement light sources in. |
| A new technology for manufacturing lithium niobate developed in the United States | Lithium niobate is one of the most widely used optoelectronic materials, and its electro-optical characteristics are outstanding, which means It can effectively convert electronic signals into optical signals. Lithium niobate modulator is the backbone of modern communication technology, which can convert electronic data into optical information at the end of optical cable. However, it is difficult to manufacture high-quality devices on a small scale using lithium niobate. So far, this problem has eliminated the application of lithium niobate on practical integrated chips. A few days ago, researchers from the John A. School of Paulson Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) of Harvard University have developed a technology that uses lithium niobate to manufacture high-performance optical microstructures, thus opening the way to ultra-efficient integrated photonic circuits, The door to quantum photonics and microwave-optical conversion. |
| use | used for q-switching, photoelectric modulation, frequency doubling and optical parametric oscillation in microwave technology; LN crystals doped with a certain amount of iron and other metal impurities can be used as holographic recording medium materials. Also used in phase mediators, phase grating mediators, large-scale integrated optical systems. It is also widely used in infrared detectors, high frequency wide band filters, etc. |
| Production method | Preparation of lithium niobate using lithium carbonate and niobium pentoxide as raw materials: Put lithium carbonate and niobium pentoxide into a platinum crucible and grow crystals along the (001) direction. In order to obtain a high-quality colorless and transparent cylinder, when the temperature of the two end faces in the two directions of crystal growth is slightly higher than the Curie temperature, an electric field of an appropriate size must be added to form a crystal and cool the crystal to room temperature. Get lithium niobate crystal. |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Tel: +86-17551318830
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QQ: 3785839865
Product Name: Lithium niobate Visit Supplier Webpage Request for quotation
CAS: 12031-63-9
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CAS: 12031-63-9
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